Economic development efforts have been an important subject for the nations in the past, as it is today. For the Turkish nation, when the Ottoman period was taken into consideration, the priorities and factors of economic development were quite different from today. This difference showed itself both in the elements of economic development and development level reached. In the related period, while the improvement of human quality for the development was the first aim, the understanding of economic development and growth at any cost is dominant in today’s world.

 

In today’s world, we witness that principally physical assets, values, equipments, capital accumulation and technologic facilities and suchlike tangible factors have been taken into account in the economic development process. Of course, it is not possible to overlook the positive effects of tangible assets on the related process. But, when we look at particular issues in terms of psychological and sociological, we see that at least as much as the tangible values, the human itself with its believes, values, spirit, joys and the blues has come to the fore. Because, when we cannot exceed the material dimension of human, it is not possible for us to explain any economical, social or cultural event adequately. Because, when “human” is analysed with his/her loving, being loved, hating, demanding, rejecting, liking, disliking, regretting, rejoicing, accepting and sheltering aspects; it will be much easier for the topics to be understood (Tatar and Dönmez, 2008; 194).

 

It is very difficult to explain causes of economic development and underdevelopment of nations only depending on the material elements. Because production and consumption are only an act of human. Thus, human behavior is main subject of areas of production and consumption that are fundamental economic activities. It is possible to sort the factors that affect human behavior as the geographical conditions, social environment, climate, population, politics, culture and religion. Just like each of these may have a separate effect, a very different effect may also occur from their mutual interaction, and it is not easy at all to predict these.

 

But religion is the most effective one among them and also it has has a determining feature on each of them. Because the social ethics, which is formed in the axis of religion depending on each element, constitutes the main parameter of the behaviours of the related society. In this context, while Ibn Khaldun, comparing the economic situation of different communities, he claimed that social progress should not be connected only to the personal property. He emphasized also environmental and cultural factors must be taken into consideration. (Kozak, 1984; 152) Similarly, Weber, also accepted that the social environment, the geographical environment, history, culture and religion affect a society's morality and behavior. (Weber, 1993; 228)

 

It is possible to see a number of studies that have been done by Max Weber and Sombart on the importance of religion on economic behavior and morality, while discussing the relationship between economics and religion in today's world. In this context, Max Weber's work named "Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism" was marked in the 20th century. The essence of this work is to make the ethics dominant in economics. In this context, issues of social capital and economic development frequently worked in the economic literature of the West in the last years, has raised the relationship between economics, ethics and social values in an indirect way.

 

Due to the content of our work when we look at relations of economics with social life, morality, and religion from the perspective of Ottoman Turkish history, we see Akhism Organization to have an important role. In this context, objectives, organizational structure, policies, operating systems and their impact on the country's economic life of the Akhism organization will be discussed in the context of social values, morality with social and human capital in this study. With this work, an alternative solution, which puts human forward, for the cronical social and economic problems that especially underdeveloped countries experience will be aimed to be set forth. Because we witness human being sacrificed at the expense of production and capital accumulation in the current capitalist system and also at the expense of the state in the socialist system. We believe in the benefits to be revealed, new economic ideas with examples from history that human and his values-based. Instead of philosophy, that human for the production, capital and the state, to everything is for the human.